Thailand's biggest island: an airport, a real town, and a coastline with room for every kind of holiday.
Find a room before you go.
Phuket is big enough that the arguments about it are mostly about which part people mean. Patong is the loud one, with the nightlife and the jet skis. Kata and Karon are the family beaches. Nai Harn and Rawai in the south are quieter and full of long-stay residents. And the northwest — Bang Tao, Nai Yang, Mai Khao — is where the big resorts sit on long, mostly empty sand.

What surprises most first-timers is the old town: two centuries of Sino-Portuguese shophouses in mango and pink, built by tin merchants and now full of cafés and small galleries. It has nothing to do with the beach resorts, and it is the best half day on the island.
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From the Gulf coast you cross the peninsula. From Ban Krut, take a train or bus south to Surat Thani and continue by bus or minivan to Phuket — three to four hours from Surat Thani, and a long but simple day in total.
From Bangkok the flight is the obvious answer: a little over an hour from either airport, and often cheaper than the overnight bus once you count the time. Trains do not reach Phuket; the nearest station is Surat Thani.
On the island itself, distances are real. Patong to the airport is 45 minutes, and the south takes an hour. Rent a car if you plan to move around; the songthaews are cheap but slow, and taxis are expensive by Thai standards.

Pick the coast before the hotel. Patong if you want everything within walking distance and do not mind the noise; Kata or Karon for a family week; Nai Harn or Rawai for a longer, quieter stay; and the northwest beaches if the resort is the holiday.