November to April is the season. Outside it the island empties almost completely — which some people come precisely for.
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Koh Phayam is on the Andaman side, so it follows the same calendar as Phuket and Koh Lanta: dry from November to April, monsoon from May to October. Being this far north makes little difference to the timing, but it does make the island wetter than the islands further south.

Ranong, the mainland province the boats leave from, is one of the rainiest places in Thailand. That reputation belongs to the mainland rather than the island, but it tells you what the monsoon here is like when it arrives.
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November is when everything reopens after the rains, and it is often the best of the year: green, calm and priced below the peak. December to February is the height of the season, with the most reliable weather and the busiest bungalows — busy here still being a very relative word.
March and April are hot and dry, with April both the hottest month and the month of Songkran, the national water festival. Late April is the last of the settled weather, and the shoulder months at either end of the season are when Ao Yai picks up enough swell to surf.

From May to October the monsoon closes most of Koh Phayam. A majority of the bungalow places shut for the season, the bars along Ao Yai go quiet, boat services from Ranong are reduced and occasionally cancelled in rough weather.
Some places stay open all year, and the island in the green season is genuinely beautiful and almost empty. But this is a small island with a short supply chain — if you plan a low-season trip, confirm that your accommodation, somewhere to eat and a boat all exist on your dates before you book anything else.

| January | Dry, calm and clear — peak season |
| February | Hot and reliable, the busiest month |
| March | Hot and dry, quieter, some swell returning |
| April | Hottest month, Songkran mid-month, season ending |
| May | Monsoon arrives, most places start closing |
| June | Wet and green, very few visitors |
| July | Heavy rain, boats reduced |
| August | One of the wettest months, most of the island shut |
| September | Wettest and emptiest month of the year |
| October | Rain easing, the island begins to reopen |
| November | Everything open, green and calm — best value |
| December | Dry and calm, prices climb towards Christmas |
November to April. November and late April are the best value, with the same calm sea as the peak and lower prices.
Mostly, yes. From about May to October the majority of bungalow places and bars close and boat services from Ranong are cut back.
At a beginner level, yes — Ao Yai picks up swell in the shoulder months at either end of the monsoon. It is not a serious surf destination.
The mainland province of Ranong is one of the wettest in Thailand, and the island shares that weather system, so the monsoon here is emphatic when it comes.
More Koh Phayam and Andaman coast guides, plus the rest of Thailand's islands.